Bhaktivedanta VedaBase: Narada Bhakti Sutra 35

tat tu visaya-tyagat sanga-tyagac ca

SYNONYMS

tat -- that; tu -- and; visaya -- of sense gratification; tyagat -- by rejection; sanga -- of (material) association; tyagat -- by rejection; ca -- and.

TRANSLATION

One achieves bhakti by giving up sense gratification and mundane association.

PURPORT

Visaya refers to the objects of sense enjoyment, and one who indulges in sense enjoyment is called a visayi. A visayi cannot succeed in devotional service. The acaryas therefore set down regulations for eating, mating, and so on. Narada states that one should not only give up gross practices of sense indulgence but should even stop thinking of sense gratification. The word sanga-tyaga indicates that one should refrain from associating with sense objects even within the mind and heart. The acaryas of all religions so consistently recommend such renunciation of sense pleasure that the need for it may seem a truism. But to practice it is not easy. And yet if we want to advance in bhakti-yoga, practice it we must. As Lord Krsna says, "What is called renunciation you should know to be the same as yoga, or linking oneself with the Supreme, O son of Pandu, for one can never become a yogi unless he renounces the desire for sense gratification" (Bg. 6.2).

The Krsna conscious method of renunciation is to engage the mind and senses in devotional service. As Srila Rupa Gosvami says in his Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (2.255),

anasaktasya visayan yatharham upayunjatah

nirbandhah krsna-sambandhe yuktam vairagyam ucyate

"When one is not attached to anything but simultaneously accepts everything in relation to Krsna, one is situated above possessiveness."

An active devotee is more complete in his renunciation than one who rejects material things without knowledge of their relationship to Krsna. This method of yukta-vairagya gives one great freedom, but it must be done rightly. Srila Prabhupada writes, "One should, however, note that after doing something whimsically he should not offer the results to the Supreme Lord. That sort of duty is not in the devotional service of Krsna consciousness. One should act according to the order of Krsna, [which] comes through disciplic succession from the bona fide spiritual master" (Bg. 18.57, purport). In short, sinful activity cannot be brought under the purview of "offering everything to Krsna." Indeed, Srila Prabhupada would not accept disciples unless they agreed to follow the four regulative principles -- no illicit sex, no intoxication, no gambling, and no meat-eating.

Renunciation is possible because of the higher pleasure attainable in spiritual life. As Krsna states in the Bhagavad-gita (2.59),

visaya vinivartante niraharasya dehinah

rasa-varjam raso 'py asya param drstva nivartate

"Although the embodied soul may be restricted from sense enjoyment, the taste for sense objects remains. But ceasing such engagements by experiencing a higher taste, he is fixed in consciousness." In his purport to this verse, Srila Prabhupada compares the restriction from sense enjoyment mystic yogis observe to the restrictions a doctor places upon a patient that forbid him from taking certain types of food. In neither instance is the taste for the forbidden pleasures lost. "But," Srila Prabhupada writes, "one who has tasted the beauty of the Supreme Lord, Krsna, in the course of his advancement in Krsna consciousness no longer has a taste for dead, material things. Therefore, restrictions are there for the less intelligent neophytes in the spiritual advancement of life, but such restrictions are good only until one actually has a taste for Krsna consciousness."

Previously Narada has stated that it is not sufficient merely to hear about spiritual life or to tell others about it without actually practicing it and realizing its fruits oneself. And so the sadhana-bhakta actually practices -- he avoids lusty attachments on the strength of his vows, and Krsna helps him from within. Eventually he relishes a higher taste and loses the desire for sense gratification. Bhakti-yoga, being a transcendental science, yields the expected results when carefully followed.

The phrase sanga-tyagat, which Narada uses here, also appears in Srila Rupa Gosvami's Upadesamrta (3). According to Rupa Gosvami, sanga-tyaga, by which he means "abandoning the association of nondevotees," is one of the most important requirements for the execution of pure devotional service. When Lord Caitanya was asked to define a Vaisnava, He replied, asat-sanga-tyaga -- ei vaisnava acara: "Characteristically, a Vaisnava is one who gives up the association of worldly people, or nondevotees" (Cc. Madhya 22.87). Just as asat-sanga increases our material attachment and impedes our devotional service, so sadhu-sanga furthers our devotional service by helping us become attached to Lord Krsna and detached from the practices of nondevotees.

In the Srimad-Bhagavatam Lord Kapila advises His mother, Devahuti, that while material attachment is the greatest entanglement for the spirit soul, "that same attachment, when applied to the self-realized devotees, opens the door of liberation" (Bhag. 3.25.20). In his purport, Srila Prabhupada writes, "This indicates that the propensity for attachment cannot be stopped; it must be utilized for the best purpose. Our attachment for material things perpetuates our conditioned state, but the same attachment, when transferred to the Supreme Personality of Godhead or His devotee, is the source of liberation."

This sutra contains a stern order for the aspiring devotee: "If you want to progress in bhakti, you must give up sense gratification and material association." In his Bhagavad-gita purports, Srila Prabhupada tells us how we should approach such orders: "The Lord instructs that one has to become fully Krsna conscious to discharge duties, as if in military discipline. Such an injunction may make things a little difficult; still, duties must be carried out, with dependence on Krsna, because that is the constitutional position of the living entity" (Bg. 3.30, purport). Lethargy in the face of these orders should be thrown off. The alternative is great unhappiness, more than we can imagine, as the soul falls down into lower species of life, birth after birth.

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Copyright (c) The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust International, Inc.
His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Founder Acarya of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness
Satsvarupa dasa Goswami
Gopiparanadhana dasa Adhikari